---
title: The lights of the Christmas tree rose higher and higher, she saw the… — Andersen's Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: The lights of the Christmas tree rose higher and higher, she saw them now as stars in heaven; one fell down and formed a long trail of fire. Who acts: lights, light, one. A sentence of «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, The Little Match Girl, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of e
---

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# Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Little Match Girl, sentence 29

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The lights of the Christmas tree rose higher and higher, she saw them now as stars in heaven; one fell down and formed a long trail of fire.

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**Who acts:** lights, light, one · **What happens:** rise, see, fall down, form, light · **To what, where:** matches, long trail, Christmas tree

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This is a sentence of «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, The Little Match Girl. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lights, light, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg1597:24:29
# text = The lights of the Christmas tree rose higher and higher, she saw them now as stars in heaven; one fell down and formed a long trail of fire.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lights	light	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	rose	rise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	higher	high	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	xcomp	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	higher	high	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
14	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
15	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	13	advmod	_	_
16	as	as	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	heaven	heaven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
21	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	22	nsubj	_	_
22	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
23	down	down	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	formed	form	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	conj	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	trail	trail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rise** | past | the lights of the Christmas tree |  |  |  |  | high *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **see** | past | light | matches *= match* |  |  | now | as stars in heaven | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus as star=Attribute |
| 3 | **fall down** | past | one |  |  |  |  | down *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **form** | past | one *not said here* | a long trail of fire |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location trail=Theme |
| 5 | **light** |  |  | the Christmas tree |  |  |  |  | nom light «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 1597 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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