---
title: He ought, to be sure, to have read over his lesson again, but that,… — Andersen's Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: He ought, to be sure, to have read over his lesson again, but that, you know, he could not do. Who acts: thought, you. A sentence of «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, The Dream of Little Tuk, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Dream of Little Tuk, sentence 12

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He ought, to be sure, to have read over his lesson again, but that, you know, he could not do.

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**Who acts:** thought, you · **What happens:** be, read, know, not do · **To what, where:** lesson · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, The Dream of Little Tuk. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thought, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg1597:25:12
# text = He ought, to be sure, to have read over his lesson again, but that, you know, he could not do.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
2	ought	ought	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
6	sure	sure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
9	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	aux	_	_
10	read	read	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	conj	_	_
11	over	over	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	lesson	lesson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	again	again	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
22	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
23	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
24	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	25	advmod	_	_
25	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | ought | thought |  |  |  |  | that *obl*; sure *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **read** | to-infinitive · perfect | thought *not said here* |  |  | thought's lesson | again |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **know** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 4 | **not** **do** | could | thought |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 1597 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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