---
title: Charmant!” exclaimed the ladies; for they all used to chatter French… — Andersen's Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Charmant!” exclaimed the ladies; for they all used to chatter French, each one worse than her neighbor. Who acts: Charmant, ladies. A sentence of «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, The Swineherd, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Swineherd, sentence 21

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Charmant!” exclaimed the ladies; for they all used to chatter French, each one worse than her neighbor.

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**Who acts:** Charmant, ladies · **What happens:** exclaim, use, chatter · **To what, where:** ladies, French

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This is a sentence of «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, The Swineherd. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Charmant, ladies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg1597:3:21
# text = Charmant!” exclaimed the ladies; for they all used to chatter French, each one worse than her neighbor.
1	Charmant	Charmant	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
4	exclaimed	exclaim	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	ladies	lady	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
8	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	11	advmod	_	_
11	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	chatter	chatter	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
14	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	17	det	_	_
17	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	appos	_	_
18	worse	bad	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	17	amod	_	_
19	than	than	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	neighbor	neighbor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exclaim** *speech: express* *in a quote* | past | Charmant | the ladies |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent lady=Topic |
| 2 | **use** *in a quote* | past | ladies *= lady* |  |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **chatter** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | ladies *= lady* *not said here* | French |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent french=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 1597 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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