---
title: The heat oppressive to suffocation--the gnats hummed and stung uncea… — Andersen's Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: The heat oppressive to suffocation--the gnats hummed and stung unceasingly--the “miserabili” without whined and moaned in their sleep. Who acts: heat, gnats. A sentence of «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, The Shoes of Fortune, part 5, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every c
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg1597/9/105/)

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# Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Shoes of Fortune, part 5, sentence 105

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The heat oppressive to suffocation--the gnats hummed and stung unceasingly--the “miserabili” without whined and moaned in their sleep.

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**Who acts:** heat, gnats · **What happens:** hum, sting, whine, moan, sleep

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This is a sentence of «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, The Shoes of Fortune, part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (heat, gnats), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg1597:9:105
# text = The heat oppressive to suffocation--the gnats hummed and stung unceasingly--the “miserabili” without whined and moaned in their sleep.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	oppressive	oppressive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	suffocation	suffocation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	gnats	gnat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	hummed	hum	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	stung	sting	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
12	unceasingly	unceasingly	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	miserabili	miserabili	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	_
18	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
19	whined	whine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	advcl	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	moaned	moan	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	conj	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	sleep	sleep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hum** | past | the heat |  |  |  |  |  | vn bulge-47.5.3 «NP V»: agent=Location |
| 2 | **sting** | past | the heat *not said here* |  |  |  |  | unceasingly *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **whine** | participle | the heat *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **moan** | participle | the heat *not said here* |  |  |  |  | in gnats's sleep | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in sleep=Theme |
| 5 | **sleep** |  | gnats *= gnat* |  |  |  |  |  | nom sleep «state intransitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 1597 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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