---
title: Inwardly he must have suffered torture; but he preserved a calm exte… — Peter Pan · tree and pragmatics
description: Inwardly he must have suffered torture; but he preserved a calm exterior even when the young criticised his little home, and he always lifted his hat courteously to any lady who looked inside. Who acts: Nana, young, lady. A sentence of «Peter Pan» by J. M. Barrie, Chapter XVI. THE RETURN HOME, with 
---

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# Peter Pan, Chapter XVI. THE RETURN HOME, sentence 58

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Inwardly he must have suffered torture; but he preserved a calm exterior even when the young criticised his little home, and he always lifted his hat courteously to any lady who looked inside.

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**Who acts:** Nana, young, lady · **What happens:** suffer, preserve, criticise, lift, look · **To what, where:** torture, calm exterior, little home, hat, lady

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This is a sentence of «Peter Pan» by J. M. Barrie, Chapter XVI. THE RETURN HOME. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Nana, young, lady), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg16:17:58
# text = Inwardly he must have suffered torture; but he preserved a calm exterior even when the young criticised his little home, and he always lifted his hat courteously to any lady who looked inside.
1	Inwardly	inwardly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux	_	_
5	suffered	suffer	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	torture	torture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	preserved	preserve	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	calm	calm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	exterior	exterior	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
14	even	even	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
15	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	18	mark	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	young	young	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
18	criticised	criticise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	_
19	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
20	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
24	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
25	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	26	advmod	_	_
26	lifted	lift	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
27	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	hat	hat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
29	courteously	courteously	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
30	to	to	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	32	det	_	_
32	lady	lady	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
33	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	34	nsubj	_	_
34	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	acl:relcl	_	_
35	inside	inside	ADV	RB	_	34	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **suffer** | must · perfect | Nana | torture |  |  |  | inwardly *property* | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer torture=Stimulus |
| 2 | **preserve** | past | Nana | a calm exterior |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent exterior=Beneficiary |
| 3 | **criticise** | past | the young | Nana's little home |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **lift** | past | Nana | Nana's hat | any lady |  |  | always, courteously *property* | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent hat=Theme to lady=Destination |
| 5 | **look** | past | any lady |  |  |  |  | inside *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Peter Pan» by J. M. Barrie, Project Gutenberg book 16 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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