---
title: How Napoleon crossed the Alps — Fifty Famous Stories Retold · tree and pragmatics
description: How Napoleon crossed the Alps Who acts: Napoleon. A sentence of «Fifty Famous Stories Retold» by James Baldwin, Opening, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Fifty Famous Stories Retold, Opening, sentence 32

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How Napoleon crossed the Alps

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**Who acts:** Napoleon · **What happens:** cross · **To what, where:** Alps

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This is a sentence of «Fifty Famous Stories Retold» by James Baldwin, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Napoleon), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg18442:1:32
# text = How Napoleon crossed the Alps
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	Napoleon	Napoleon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	crossed	cross	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Alps	Alp	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cross** | past | Napoleon | the Alps |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent alp=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fifty Famous Stories Retold» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 18442 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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