---
title: "Ah the sad day! the sad day!" he kept saying to himself. — Fifty Famous Stories Retold · tree and pragmatics
description: "Ah the sad day! the sad day!" he kept saying to himself. Who acts: Hood. A sentence of «Fifty Famous Stories Retold» by James Baldwin, A Story of Robin Hood., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Fifty Famous Stories Retold, A Story of Robin Hood., sentence 25

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"Ah the sad day! the sad day!" he kept saying to himself.

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**Who acts:** Hood · **What happens:** keep, say · **To what, where:** Hood · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Fifty Famous Stories Retold» by James Baldwin, A Story of Robin Hood.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hood), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg18442:11:25
# text = "Ah the sad day! the sad day!" he kept saying to himself.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Ah	ah	INTJ	UH	_	13	discourse	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	saying	say	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	xcomp	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past | Hood |  |  |  | day |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | Hood *not said here* |  | Hood |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to himself=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fifty Famous Stories Retold» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 18442 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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