---
title: There was a large cas-tle in Scotland which the English had taken ea… — Fifty Famous Stories Retold · tree and pragmatics
description: There was a large cas-tle in Scotland which the English had taken early in the war. Who acts: large cas. A sentence of «Fifty Famous Stories Retold» by James Baldwin, The Black Douglas., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Fifty Famous Stories Retold, The Black Douglas., sentence 8

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There was a large cas-tle in Scotland which the English had taken early in the war.

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**Who acts:** large cas · **What happens:** be, take · **To what, where:** English, war

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This is a sentence of «Fifty Famous Stories Retold» by James Baldwin, The Black Douglas.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (large cas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg18442:13:8
# text = There was a large cas-tle in Scotland which the English had taken early in the war.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	cas	ca	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	tle	tle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Scotland	Scotland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	obj	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl:relcl	_	_
15	early	early	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	14	advmod	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | a large cas and tle in Scotland |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **take** | past · perfect · passive |  | the English |  | the war |  | early *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: subject=Theme which=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fifty Famous Stories Retold» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 18442 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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