---
title: He told his friends how the Indians used them for food; and he prove… — Fifty Famous Stories Retold · tree and pragmatics
description: He told his friends how the Indians used them for food; and he proved that they would grow in the Old World as well as in the New. Who acts: Sir, Indians. A sentence of «Fifty Famous Stories Retold» by James Baldwin, Sir Walter Raleigh., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Fifty Famous Stories Retold, Sir Walter Raleigh., sentence 41

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He told his friends how the Indians used them for food; and he proved that they would grow in the Old World as well as in the New.

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**Who acts:** Sir, Indians · **What happens:** tell, use, prove, grow · **To what, where:** friends, Old World · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Fifty Famous Stories Retold» by James Baldwin, Sir Walter Raleigh.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sir, Indians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg18442:20:41
# text = He told his friends how the Indians used them for food; and he proved that they would grow in the Old World as well as in the New.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	iobj	_	_
5	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Indians	Indian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	proved	prove	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
16	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
17	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
18	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	grow	grow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	ccomp	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	World	World	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
24	as	as	ADV	RB	ExtPos=ADV	19	advmod	_	_
25	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	24	fixed	_	_
26	as	as	ADP	IN	_	24	fixed	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | Sir |  | Sir's friends |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP what S»: agent=Agent friend=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **use** | past | the Indians | friends *= friend* |  |  |  | for food | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent they=Theme for food=Eventuality |
| 3 | **prove** | past | Sir |  |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 4 | **grow** | would | Indians *= indian* |  |  | the Old World |  | in the New | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in world=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fifty Famous Stories Retold» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 18442 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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