---
title: Sir Walter had seen the Indians smoking the leaves of the to-bac-co… — Fifty Famous Stories Retold · tree and pragmatics
description: Sir Walter had seen the Indians smoking the leaves of the to-bac-co plant. Who acts: Sir, Indians. A sentence of «Fifty Famous Stories Retold» by James Baldwin, Sir Walter Raleigh., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Fifty Famous Stories Retold, Sir Walter Raleigh., sentence 42

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Sir Walter had seen the Indians smoking the leaves of the to-bac-co plant.

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**Who acts:** Sir, Indians · **What happens:** see, smoke · **To what, where:** Indians, leaves

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This is a sentence of «Fifty Famous Stories Retold» by James Baldwin, Sir Walter Raleigh.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sir, Indians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg18442:20:42
# text = Sir Walter had seen the Indians smoking the leaves of the to-bac-co plant.
1	Sir	Sir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	Walter	Walter	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Indians	Indian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	smoking	smoke	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	bac	bac	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	co	co	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past · perfect | Sir | the Indians |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer indian=Stimulus |
| 2 | **smoke** | gerund | the Indians *not said here* | the leaves of the co plant |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent leaf=Source |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fifty Famous Stories Retold» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 18442 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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