---
title: Gessler knew this, and so he thought of a cruel plan to make the hun… — Fifty Famous Stories Retold · tree and pragmatics
description: Gessler knew this, and so he thought of a cruel plan to make the hunter's own skill bring him to grief. Who acts: Gessler, own skill. A sentence of «Fifty Famous Stories Retold» by James Baldwin, The Story of William Tell., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Fifty Famous Stories Retold, The Story of William Tell., sentence 12

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Gessler knew this, and so he thought of a cruel plan to make the hunter's own skill bring him to grief.

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**Who acts:** Gessler, own skill · **What happens:** know, think, make, bring · **To what, where:** this, own skill, Gessler, grief · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Fifty Famous Stories Retold» by James Baldwin, The Story of William Tell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gessler, own skill), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg18442:23:12
# text = Gessler knew this, and so he thought of a cruel plan to make the hunter's own skill bring him to grief.
1	Gessler	Gessler	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	thought	think	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	cruel	cruel	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	plan	plan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	ccomp	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	hunter	hunter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	's	's	PART	POS	_	16	case	_	_
18	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	skill	skill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
20	bring	bring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	xcomp	_	_
21	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	_
22	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	grief	grief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | past | Gessler | this |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer this=Stimulus |
| 2 | **think** *speech: other* | past | Gessler |  |  |  |  | of a cruel plan | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | the hunter's own skill |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **bring** | infinitive | the hunter's own skill *not said here* | Gessler |  | grief |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent he=Theme to grief=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fifty Famous Stories Retold» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 18442 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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