---
title: He had kept them out of Rome, but he had done a deed which they coul… — Fifty Famous Stories Retold · tree and pragmatics
description: He had kept them out of Rome, but he had done a deed which they could not help but praise. Who acts: spake, men. A sentence of «Fifty Famous Stories Retold» by James Baldwin, Horatius At the Bridge., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Fifty Famous Stories Retold, Horatius At the Bridge., sentence 39

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He had kept them out of Rome, but he had done a deed which they could not help but praise.

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**Who acts:** spake, men · **What happens:** keep, do, not help, praise · **To what, where:** spake, Rome, deed

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This is a sentence of «Fifty Famous Stories Retold» by James Baldwin, Horatius At the Bridge.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (spake, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg18442:31:39
# text = He had kept them out of Rome, but he had done a deed which they could not help but praise.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Rome	Rome	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	deed	deed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	obj	_	_
16	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
17	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
18	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	19	advmod	_	_
19	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	acl:relcl	_	_
20	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	praise	praise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past · perfect · passive |  | spake *= speak* |  | Rome |  |  | vn sustain-55.6-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Theme they=Attribute |
| 2 | **do** | past · perfect | spake *= speak* | a deed |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent deed=Eventuality |
| 3 | **not** **help** | could | men *= man* | a deed |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Beneficiary |
| 4 | **praise** | infinitive | men *= man* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fifty Famous Stories Retold» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 18442 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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