---
title: The Romans did not have very many fighting men at that time, and the… — Fifty Famous Stories Retold · tree and pragmatics
description: The Romans did not have very many fighting men at that time, and they knew that they were not strong enough to meet the Etruscans in open battle. Who acts: Romans. A sentence of «Fifty Famous Stories Retold» by James Baldwin, Horatius At the Bridge., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ev
---

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# Fifty Famous Stories Retold, Horatius At the Bridge., sentence 4

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The Romans did not have very many fighting men at that time, and they knew that they were not strong enough to meet the Etruscans in open battle.

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**Who acts:** Romans · **What happens:** not have, know, not be, meet · **To what, where:** many fighting men, Etruscans, open battle · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Fifty Famous Stories Retold» by James Baldwin, Horatius At the Bridge.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Romans), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg18442:31:4
# text = The Romans did not have very many fighting men at that time, and they knew that they were not strong enough to meet the Etruscans in open battle.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Romans	Roman	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	fighting	fighting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	12	det	_	_
12	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
17	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
18	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
19	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
20	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	21	advmod	_	_
21	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	ccomp	_	_
22	enough	enough	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
23	to	to	PART	TO	_	24	mark	_	_
24	meet	meet	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	advcl	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	Etruscans	Etruscan	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	24	obj	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **have** | past · do-support | the Romans | many fighting men |  |  | time |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Patient |
| 2 | **know** | past | Romans *= roman* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **not** **is** | past | Romans *= roman* |  |  |  |  | enough, strong *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **meet** | to-infinitive | Romans *= roman* *not said here* | the Etruscans |  | open battle |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent etruscan=Co-Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fifty Famous Stories Retold» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 18442 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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