---
title: The cat leaped out upon them, and oh! what havoc she did make among… — Fifty Famous Stories Retold · tree and pragmatics
description: The cat leaped out upon them, and oh! what havoc she did make among the trou-ble-some creatures! Who acts: cat. A sentence of «Fifty Famous Stories Retold» by James Baldwin, IV. the Cat., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Fifty Famous Stories Retold, IV. the Cat., sentence 18

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The cat leaped out upon them, and oh! what havoc she did make among the trou-ble-some creatures!

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**Who acts:** cat · **What happens:** leap out, havoc, make · **To what, where:** cat

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This is a sentence of «Fifty Famous Stories Retold» by James Baldwin, IV. the Cat.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg18442:52:18
# text = The cat leaped out upon them, and oh! what havoc she did make among the trou-ble-some creatures!
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
3	leaped	leap	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
9	oh	oh	INTJ	UH	_	12	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
11	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	12	obj	_	_
12	havoc	havoc	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
13	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
16	among	among	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
18	trou	trou	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	23	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	ble	ble	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	23	det	_	_
23	creatures	creature	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leap out** | participle |  | the cat *not said here* |  |  |  | upon rats *= rat* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon they=Trajectory |
| 2 | **havoc** | present | the cat *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **make** | past · do-support | the cat |  |  |  |  | among the ble creatures | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fifty Famous Stories Retold» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 18442 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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