---
title: William Rufus was so over-bear-ing and cruel that he was feared and… — Fifty Famous Stories Retold · tree and pragmatics
description: William Rufus was so over-bear-ing and cruel that he was feared and hated by all his people. Who acts: William. A sentence of «Fifty Famous Stories Retold» by James Baldwin, The Sons of William the Conqueror., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Fifty Famous Stories Retold, The Sons of William the Conqueror., sentence 41

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William Rufus was so over-bear-ing and cruel that he was feared and hated by all his people.

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**Who acts:** William · **What happens:** be, fear, hate · **To what, where:** William

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This is a sentence of «Fifty Famous Stories Retold» by James Baldwin, The Sons of William the Conqueror.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (William), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg18442:6:41
# text = William Rufus was so over-bear-ing and cruel that he was feared and hated by all his people.
1	William	William	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	Rufus	Rufus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	so	so	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	over-bear-ing	over-bear-ing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	cruel	cruel	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	feared	fear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	advcl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	hated	hate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	conj	_	_
14	by	by	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	17	det:predet	_	_
16	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | William |  |  |  |  | over-bear-ing *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | William *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **fear** | past · passive |  | William |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |
| 4 | **hate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fifty Famous Stories Retold» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 18442 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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