---
title: Ah, where now were those who had lately been so heart-free and glad? — Fifty Famous Stories Retold · tree and pragmatics
description: Ah, where now were those who had lately been so heart-free and glad? A sentence of «Fifty Famous Stories Retold» by James Baldwin, The White Ship., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Fifty Famous Stories Retold, The White Ship., sentence 22

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Ah, where now were those who had lately been so heart-free and glad?

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**What happens:** be · **To what, where:** those

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This is a sentence of «Fifty Famous Stories Retold» by James Baldwin, The White Ship.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg18442:7:22
# text = Ah, where now were those who had lately been so heart-free and glad?
1	Ah	ah	INTJ	UH	_	3	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	0	root	_	_
4	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	3	nsubj	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
8	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
9	lately	lately	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
10	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	14	cop	_	_
11	so	so	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
12	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	acl:relcl	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	glad	glad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past |  | those |  |  | now |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past · perfect |  |  |  |  |  | free, lately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fifty Famous Stories Retold» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 18442 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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