---
title: The Kid was browsing near the edge of the roof, when he spied a Wolf… — The Aesop for Children · tree and pragmatics
description: The Kid was browsing near the edge of the roof, when he spied a Wolf and began to jeer at him, making faces and abusing him to his heart's content. Who acts: Kid. A sentence of «The Aesop for Children» by Aesop, The Kid and the Wolf, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Aesop for Children, The Kid and the Wolf, sentence 2

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The Kid was browsing near the edge of the roof, when he spied a Wolf and began to jeer at him, making faces and abusing him to his heart's content.

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**Who acts:** Kid · **What happens:** browse, spy, begin, jeer, make, abuse · **To what, where:** edge, Wolf, faces, Kid

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This is a sentence of «The Aesop for Children» by Aesop, The Kid and the Wolf. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kid), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg19994:12:2
# text = The Kid was browsing near the edge of the roof, when he spied a Wolf and began to jeer at him, making faces and abusing him to his heart's content.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Kid	kid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	browsing	browse	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	near	near	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	edge	edge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	roof	roof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	14	advmod	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	spied	spy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	Wolf	Wolf	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	jeer	jeer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	xcomp	_	_
21	at	at	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	20	advcl	_	_
25	faces	face	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obj	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	abusing	abuse	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	24	conj	_	_
28	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	obj	_	_
29	to	to	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
30	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	's	's	PART	POS	_	31	case	_	_
33	content	content	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **browse** | past · progressive | the Kid |  |  | the edge of the roof |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **spy** | past | Kid | a Wolf |  |  |  |  | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer wolf=Stimulus |
| 3 | **begin** | past | Kid *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **jeer** | to-infinitive | Kid *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at Kid | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **make** | gerund | Kid *not said here* | faces |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset face=Product |
| 6 | **abuse** | gerund | Kid *not said here* | Kid |  |  |  | to Kid's heart's content | vn judgment-33.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Aesop for Children» by Aesop, Project Gutenberg book 19994 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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