---
title: But before he left he begged the Bull's pardon for having used his h… — The Aesop for Children · tree and pragmatics
description: But before he left he begged the Bull's pardon for having used his horn for a resting place. Who acts: Gnat, Bull. A sentence of «The Aesop for Children» by Aesop, The Gnat and the Bull, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Aesop for Children, The Gnat and the Bull, sentence 3

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But before he left he begged the Bull's pardon for having used his horn for a resting place.

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**Who acts:** Gnat, Bull · **What happens:** leave, beg, have, use, pardon · **To what, where:** pardon, used horn

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This is a sentence of «The Aesop for Children» by Aesop, The Gnat and the Bull. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gnat, Bull), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg19994:21:3
# text = But before he left he begged the Bull's pardon for having used his horn for a resting place.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	begged	beg	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Bull	Bull	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	pardon	pardon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
11	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
13	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	amod	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	horn	horn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	resting	resting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past | Gnat |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **beg** *speech: request* | past | Gnat | the Bull's pardon |  |  |  |  | vn beg-58.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.Topic»: agent=Agent pardon=Recipient |
| 3 | **have** | gerund | Gnat *not said here* | Gnat's used horn |  |  |  | for a resting place | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horn=Patient |
| 4 | **use** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **pardon** |  | the Bull |  |  |  |  |  | nom pardon «act transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Aesop for Children» by Aesop, Project Gutenberg book 19994 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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