---
title: There was once a little Kid whose growing horns made him think he wa… — The Aesop for Children · tree and pragmatics
description: There was once a little Kid whose growing horns made him think he was a grown-up Billy Goat and able to take care of himself. Who acts: little Kid, growing horns, Kid. A sentence of «The Aesop for Children» by Aesop, The Wolf and the Kid, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Aesop for Children, The Wolf and the Kid, sentence 1

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There was once a little Kid whose growing horns made him think he was a grown-up Billy Goat and able to take care of himself.

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**Who acts:** little Kid, growing horns, Kid · **What happens:** be, grow, make, think, grow up, take · **To what, where:** Kid, grown Billy Goat, care · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Aesop for Children» by Aesop, The Wolf and the Kid. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (little Kid, growing horns, Kid), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg19994:3:1
# text = There was once a little Kid whose growing horns made him think he was a grown-up Billy Goat and able to take care of himself.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	2	advmod	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	Kid	kid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
7	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	growing	grow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	amod	_	_
9	horns	horn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
11	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	think	think	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
16	grown	grow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	up	up	ADP	RP	_	16	compound:prt	_	_
19	Billy	Billy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	Goat	Goat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	ccomp	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	able	able	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	conj	_	_
23	to	to	PART	TO	_	24	mark	_	_
24	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	xcomp	_	_
25	care	care	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | a little Kid |  |  | there |  | once *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **grow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **make** | past | growing horns | Kid |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **think** *speech: other* | infinitive | Kid *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **grow up** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **is a** | past | Kid | a grown Billy Goat |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **be** |  | Kid *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 8 | **take** | to-infinitive | Kid *not said here* | care |  |  |  | of Kid | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent care=Theme of himself=Initial\_Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Aesop for Children» by Aesop, Project Gutenberg book 19994 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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