---
title: "I made him promise not to hurt us," said the Fox. " — The Aesop for Children · tree and pragmatics
description: "I made him promise not to hurt us," said the Fox. " Who acts: Fox. A sentence of «The Aesop for Children» by Aesop, The Ass, the Fox, and the Lion, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Aesop for Children, The Ass, the Fox, and the Lion, sentence 10

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"I made him promise not to hurt us," said the Fox. "

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**Who acts:** Fox · **What happens:** make, promise, not hurt, say · **To what, where:** Fox, us · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Aesop for Children» by Aesop, The Ass, the Fox, and the Lion. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Fox), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg19994:44:10
# text = "I made him promise not to hurt us," said the Fox. "
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	ccomp	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	promise	promise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	hurt	hurt	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	ccomp	_	_
9	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
12	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	Fox	fox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
16	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** *in a quote* | past | Fox | Fox |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **promise** *speech: promise* *in a quote* | infinitive | Fox *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **not** **hurt** *not said to happen, in a quote* | to-infinitive |  | us |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer we=Patient |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the Fox |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Aesop for Children» by Aesop, Project Gutenberg book 19994 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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