---
title: The Birds and the Beasts declared war against each other. — The Aesop for Children · tree and pragmatics
description: The Birds and the Beasts declared war against each other. Who acts: Birds. A sentence of «The Aesop for Children» by Aesop, The Birds, the Beasts, and the Bat, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Aesop for Children, The Birds, the Beasts, and the Bat, sentence 1

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The Birds and the Beasts declared war against each other.

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**Who acts:** Birds · **What happens:** declare · **To what, where:** war

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This is a sentence of «The Aesop for Children» by Aesop, The Birds, the Beasts, and the Bat. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Birds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg19994:45:1
# text = The Birds and the Beasts declared war against each other.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	2	cc	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Beasts	Beast	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	declared	declare	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	against	against	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	each	each	DET	DT	ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp	6	obl	_	_
10	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **declare** *speech: other* | past | the Birds | war |  |  |  | against each | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent war=Attribute |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Aesop for Children» by Aesop, Project Gutenberg book 19994 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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