---
title: A Stag, drinking from a crystal spring, saw himself mirrored in the… — The Aesop for Children · tree and pragmatics
description: A Stag, drinking from a crystal spring, saw himself mirrored in the clear water. Who acts: Stag. A sentence of «The Aesop for Children» by Aesop, The Stag and His Reflection, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Aesop for Children, The Stag and His Reflection, sentence 1

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A Stag, drinking from a crystal spring, saw himself mirrored in the clear water.

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**Who acts:** Stag · **What happens:** drink, see, mirror · **To what, where:** Stag, clear water

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This is a sentence of «The Aesop for Children» by Aesop, The Stag and His Reflection. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Stag), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg19994:53:1
# text = A Stag, drinking from a crystal spring, saw himself mirrored in the clear water.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Stag	stag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	drinking	drink	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	crystal	crystal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
10	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	10	obj	_	_
12	mirrored	mirror	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	xcomp	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drink** | gerund | a Stag *not said here* |  |  |  | spring |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **see** | past | a Stag | Stag |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **mirror** | participle | Stag *not said here* |  |  | the clear water |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Aesop for Children» by Aesop, Project Gutenberg book 19994 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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