---
title: The poor Jackdaw returned sadly to his former companions. — The Aesop for Children · tree and pragmatics
description: The poor Jackdaw returned sadly to his former companions. Who acts: poor Jackdaw. A sentence of «The Aesop for Children» by Aesop, The Vain Jackdaw and His Borrowed Feathers, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Aesop for Children, The Vain Jackdaw and His Borrowed Feathers, sentence 10

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The poor Jackdaw returned sadly to his former companions.

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**Who acts:** poor Jackdaw · **What happens:** return

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This is a sentence of «The Aesop for Children» by Aesop, The Vain Jackdaw and His Borrowed Feathers. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (poor Jackdaw), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg19994:60:10
# text = The poor Jackdaw returned sadly to his former companions.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	Jackdaw	Jackdaw	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	returned	return	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	sadly	sadly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	former	former	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	companions	companion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **return** | past | the poor Jackdaw |  |  |  |  | to Jackdaw's former companions *result*; sadly *property* | vn convert-26.6.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient to companion=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Aesop for Children» by Aesop, Project Gutenberg book 19994 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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