---
title: He expected to scare the Cranes just by swinging the sling in the ai… — The Aesop for Children · tree and pragmatics
description: He expected to scare the Cranes just by swinging the sling in the air, and shouting loudly at them. Who acts: farmer. A sentence of «The Aesop for Children» by Aesop, The Farmer and the Cranes, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Aesop for Children, The Farmer and the Cranes, sentence 9

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He expected to scare the Cranes just by swinging the sling in the air, and shouting loudly at them.

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**Who acts:** farmer · **What happens:** expect, scare, swing, shout · **To what, where:** Cranes, sling, air

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This is a sentence of «The Aesop for Children» by Aesop, The Farmer and the Cranes. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (farmer), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg19994:79:9
# text = He expected to scare the Cranes just by swinging the sling in the air, and shouting loudly at them.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	expected	expect	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	scare	scare	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Cranes	Crane	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	just	just	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	swinging	swing	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	sling	sling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	shouting	shout	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
18	loudly	loudly	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
19	at	at	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **expect** | past | farmer |  |  |  |  |  | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **scare** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | farmer *not said here* | the Cranes |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus crane=Experiencer |
| 3 | **swing** | gerund | farmer *not said here* | the sling |  | the air |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent sling=Theme in air=Location |
| 4 | **shout** *speech: express* | gerund | farmer *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at Cranes *= crane*; loudly *property* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Aesop for Children» by Aesop, Project Gutenberg book 19994 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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