---
title: A few days later a change in weather brought a severe frost; and the… — The Aesop for Children · tree and pragmatics
description: A few days later a change in weather brought a severe frost; and the poor swallow and that foolish young man in his light tunic, and with his arms and knees bare, could scarcely keep life in their shivering bodies. Who acts: change, that. A sentence of «The Aesop for Children» by Aesop, The Spendthr
---

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# The Aesop for Children, The Spendthrift and the Swallow, sentence 5

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A few days later a change in weather brought a severe frost; and the poor swallow and that foolish young man in his light tunic, and with his arms and knees bare, could scarcely keep life in their shivering bodies.

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**Who acts:** change, that · **What happens:** bring, man, keep · **To what, where:** severe frost, light tunic, life, shivering bodies

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This is a sentence of «The Aesop for Children» by Aesop, The Spendthrift and the Swallow. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (change, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg19994:88:5
# text = A few days later a change in weather brought a severe frost; and the poor swallow and that foolish young man in his light tunic, and with his arms and knees bare, could scarcely keep life in their shivering bodies.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl:unmarked	_	_
4	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	9	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	severe	severe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	frost	frost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	swallow	swallow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	advcl	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
19	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	22	nsubj	_	_
20	foolish	foolish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
21	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
25	light	light	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	tunic	tunic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
29	with	with	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	obl	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	knees	knee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	conj	_	_
34	bare	bare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
36	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	38	aux	_	_
37	scarcely	scarcely	ADV	RB	_	38	advmod	_	_
38	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	conj	_	_
39	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	obj	_	_
40	in	in	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
41	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	43	nmod:poss	_	_
42	shivering	shivering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	compound	_	_
43	bodies	body	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring** | past | a change in weather | a severe frost |  |  |  | late *property* | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent frost=Theme |
| 2 | **man** |  | that |  |  | Swallow's light tunic |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **keep** | could | a change in weather *not said here* | life |  | men's shivering bodies |  | with Swallow's arms and knees; scarcely *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent life=Theme in body=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Aesop for Children» by Aesop, Project Gutenberg book 19994 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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