---
title: Seeing some travelers approaching, the Crow flew up into a tree, and… — Three hundred Aesop’s fables · tree and pragmatics
description: Seeing some travelers approaching, the Crow flew up into a tree, and perching herself on one of the branches, cawed as loudly as she could. Who acts: Crow, Seeing. A sentence of «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Aesop’s Fables, part 8, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clau
---

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# Three hundred Aesop’s fables, Aesop’s Fables, part 8, sentence 63

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Seeing some travelers approaching, the Crow flew up into a tree, and perching herself on one of the branches, cawed as loudly as she could.

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**Who acts:** Crow, Seeing · **What happens:** see, approach, fly up, perch, caw · **To what, where:** travelers, tree, horse

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This is a sentence of «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Aesop’s Fables, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Crow, Seeing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg21:10:63
# text = Seeing some travelers approaching, the Crow flew up into a tree, and perching herself on one of the branches, cawed as loudly as she could.
1	Seeing	see	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	23	csubj:pass	_	_
2	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	det	_	_
3	travelers	traveler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	approaching	approach	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Crow	crow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
9	up	up	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	_
10	into	into	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	perching	perch	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	conj	_	_
16	herself	herself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	15	obj	_	_
17	on	on	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	obl	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	branches	branch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	cawed	caw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
24	as	as	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
25	loudly	loudly	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
26	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
27	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
28	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	25	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	23	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | gerund |  | some travelers |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer traveler=Stimulus |
| 2 | **approach** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **fly up** | past | the Crow |  |  |  |  | into a tree *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into tree=Result |
| 4 | **perch** | gerund |  | horse |  |  |  | on one of the branches | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent herself=Theme on one=Destination |
| 5 | **caw** | participle | Seeing |  |  |  |  | loudly *property* | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Project Gutenberg book 21 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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