---
title: He greatly lamented his fate, saying, “Woe is me! that I, who can wa… — Three hundred Aesop’s fables · tree and pragmatics
description: He greatly lamented his fate, saying, “Woe is me! that I, who can wage war successfully with the hugest beasts, should perish myself from this spider, the most inconsiderable of insects!” Who acts: Lion, Woe. A sentence of «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Aesop’s Fables, part 9, with its dep
---

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# Three hundred Aesop’s fables, Aesop’s Fables, part 9, sentence 72

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He greatly lamented his fate, saying, “Woe is me! that I, who can wage war successfully with the hugest beasts, should perish myself from this spider, the most inconsiderable of insects!”

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**Who acts:** Lion, Woe · **What happens:** lament, say, be, wage, perish, fate · **To what, where:** fate, Lion, war, spider · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Aesop’s Fables, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lion, Woe), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg21:11:72
# text = He greatly lamented his fate, saying, “Woe is me! that I, who can wage war successfully with the hugest beasts, should perish myself from this spider, the most inconsiderable of insects!”
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	greatly	greatly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	lamented	lament	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	fate	fate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	Woe	woe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
14	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
15	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
18	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	wage	wage	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
20	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
21	successfully	successfully	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
22	with	with	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	hugest	huge	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	25	amod	_	_
25	beasts	beast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
27	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
28	perish	perish	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
29	myself	myself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	28	obj	_	_
30	from	from	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	32	det	_	_
32	spider	spider	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
35	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	36	advmod	_	_
36	inconsiderable	inconsiderable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	parataxis	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	36	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lament** | past | Lion | Lion's fate |  |  |  | greatly *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: express* | gerund | Lion *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | Woe | Lion |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **wage** *in a quote* | can | Lion | war |  |  |  | with the hugest beasts; successfully *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **perish** *in a quote* | should | Lion *not said here* | Lion |  | this spider |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **fate** |  | Lion |  |  |  |  |  | nom fate «event transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Project Gutenberg book 21 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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