---
title: “Thou art,” he said, “a most excellent Ape, and all these thy compan… — Three hundred Aesop’s fables · tree and pragmatics
description: “Thou art,” he said, “a most excellent Ape, and all these thy companions after thy example are excellent Apes too.” Who acts: gift, companions, thy. A sentence of «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Aesop’s Fables, part 10, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Three hundred Aesop’s fables, Aesop’s Fables, part 10, sentence 18

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“Thou art,” he said, “a most excellent Ape, and all these thy companions after thy example are excellent Apes too.”

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**Who acts:** gift, companions, thy · **What happens:** say, be, exemplify · **To what, where:** excellent Apes · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Aesop’s Fables, part 10. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (gift, companions, thy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg21:12:18
# text = “Thou art,” he said, “a most excellent Ape, and all these thy companions after thy example are excellent Apes too.”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	3	nsubj	_	_
3	art	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	12	advmod	_	_
12	excellent	excellent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	Ape	ape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
16	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	19	det:predet	_	_
17	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	19	det	_	_
18	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	companions	companion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nsubj	_	_
20	after	after	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
23	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
24	excellent	excellent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	Apes	ape	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	parataxis	_	_
26	too	too	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | gift |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | thy companions after thy example | excellent Apes |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **exemplify** *in a quote* |  | thy |  |  |  |  |  | nom example «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Project Gutenberg book 21 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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