---
title: One of their company, an old man, said, “Let us cease lamenting, my… — Three hundred Aesop’s fables · tree and pragmatics
description: One of their company, an old man, said, “Let us cease lamenting, my mates, for, as it seems to me, sorrow is always the twin sister of joy; and it was only to be looked for that we, who just now were over-rejoiced, should next have something to make us sad.” Who acts: One company, us, it, sorrow. A 
---

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# Three hundred Aesop’s fables, Aesop’s Fables, part 11, sentence 16

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One of their company, an old man, said, “Let us cease lamenting, my mates, for, as it seems to me, sorrow is always the twin sister of joy; and it was only to be looked for that we, who just now were over-rejoiced, should next have something to make us sad.”

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**Who acts:** One company, us, it, sorrow, we · **What happens:** say, let, cease, lament, seem, be · **To what, where:** us, mates, One company, twin sister, sorrow, something · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Aesop’s Fables, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (One company, us, it, sorrow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg21:13:16
# text = One of their company, an old man, said, “Let us cease lamenting, my mates, for, as it seems to me, sorrow is always the twin sister of joy; and it was only to be looked for that we, who just now were over-rejoiced, should next have something to make us sad.”
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	Let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	ccomp	_	_
14	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
15	cease	cease	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
16	lamenting	lament	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	mates	mate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
21	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
24	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	seems	seem	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	parataxis	_	_
26	to	to	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
29	sorrow	sorrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nsubj	_	_
30	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	34	cop	_	_
31	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	34	advmod	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
33	twin	twin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	compound	_	_
34	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	parataxis	_	_
35	of	of	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	joy	joy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	44	punct	_	_
38	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	44	cc	_	_
39	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	44	nsubj:pass	_	_
40	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	44	aux:pass	_	_
41	only	only	ADV	RB	_	44	advmod	_	_
42	to	to	PART	TO	_	44	mark	_	_
43	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	44	aux:pass	_	_
44	looked	look	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	57	advcl	_	_
45	for	for	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
46	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	44	obl	_	_
47	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	53	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	53	punct	_	_
49	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	53	nsubj	_	_
50	just	just	ADV	RB	_	51	advmod	_	_
51	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	53	advmod	_	_
52	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	53	cop	_	_
53	over-rejoiced	over-rejoiced	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	44	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
54	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	57	punct	_	_
55	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	57	aux	_	_
56	next	next	ADV	RB	_	57	advmod	_	_
57	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	ccomp	_	_
58	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	57	obj	_	_
59	to	to	PART	TO	_	60	mark	_	_
60	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	58	acl	_	_
61	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	60	obj	_	_
62	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	60	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
63	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	57	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
64	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	57	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | nets's One company and a old man |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **let** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | us |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **cease** *in a quote* | infinitive | us *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **lament** *in a quote* | gerund | us *not said here* | my mates |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **seem** *in a quote* | present | it |  | nets's One company and a old man *= company* |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | sorrow | the twin sister |  |  |  | of joy; always *property* | tree rules |
| 7 | **look** *in a quote* | past · passive |  | sorrow |  |  |  | for that | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Attribute |
| 8 | **is** *in a quote* | past | we |  |  |  | now | over-rejoiced *property* | tree rules |
| 9 | **have** *in a quote* | should |  | something |  |  |  | next *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient |
| 10 | **make** *in a quote* | to-infinitive |  | us |  |  |  | sad *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset we=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Project Gutenberg book 21 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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