---
title: A COBBLER unable to make a living by his trade and made desperate by… — Three hundred Aesop’s fables · tree and pragmatics
description: A COBBLER unable to make a living by his trade and made desperate by poverty, began to practice medicine in a town in which he was not known. Who acts: COBBLER. A sentence of «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Aesop’s Fables, part 11, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause
---

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# Three hundred Aesop’s fables, Aesop’s Fables, part 11, sentence 58

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A COBBLER unable to make a living by his trade and made desperate by poverty, began to practice medicine in a town in which he was not known.

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**Who acts:** COBBLER · **What happens:** make, begin, practice, not know, trade · **To what, where:** living, medicine, town, COBBLER

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This is a sentence of «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Aesop’s Fables, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (COBBLER), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg21:13:58
# text = A COBBLER unable to make a living by his trade and made desperate by poverty, began to practice medicine in a town in which he was not known.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	COBBLER	cobbler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
3	unable	unable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	living	living	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	conj	_	_
13	desperate	desperate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	xcomp	_	_
14	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	poverty	poverty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
17	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	practice	practice	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	xcomp	_	_
20	medicine	medicine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	29	obl	_	_
26	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj:pass	_	_
27	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	aux:pass	_	_
28	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	29	advmod	_	_
29	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | to-infinitive | a COBBLER *not said here* | a living |  |  |  | by COBBLER's trade | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset living=Product |
| 2 | **make** | participle | a COBBLER *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by poverty; desperate *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **begin** | past | a COBBLER |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **practice** | to-infinitive | a COBBLER *not said here* | medicine |  | a town |  |  | vn rehearse-26.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent medicine=Theme |
| 5 | **not** **know** | past · passive |  | COBBLER |  | a town |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus |
| 6 | **trade** |  | COBBLER |  |  |  |  |  | nom trade «act transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Project Gutenberg book 21 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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