---
title: When he found the unfortunate Swallow lifeless on the ground, he sai… — Three hundred Aesop’s fables · tree and pragmatics
description: When he found the unfortunate Swallow lifeless on the ground, he said, “Unhappy bird! what have you done? Who acts: he, you. A sentence of «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Aesop’s Fables, part 12, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Three hundred Aesop’s fables, Aesop’s Fables, part 12, sentence 6

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When he found the unfortunate Swallow lifeless on the ground, he said, “Unhappy bird! what have you done?

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**Who acts:** he, you · **What happens:** find, say, do · **To what, where:** unfortunate Swallow lifeless, ground · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Aesop’s Fables, part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (he, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg21:14:6
# text = When he found the unfortunate Swallow lifeless on the ground, he said, “Unhappy bird! what have you done?
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	advcl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	unfortunate	unfortunate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	Swallow	Swallow	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	lifeless	lifeless	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	Unhappy	unhappy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
19	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	22	obj	_	_
20	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
21	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	13	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | he | the unfortunate Swallow lifeless |  | the ground |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lifeless=Topic |
| 2 | **say** *speech: ask* | past | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **do** *in a quote* | present · perfect | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Project Gutenberg book 21 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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