---
title: AN ASS congratulated a Horse on being so ungrudgingly and carefully… — Three hundred Aesop’s fables · tree and pragmatics
description: AN ASS congratulated a Horse on being so ungrudgingly and carefully provided for, while he himself had scarcely enough to eat and not even that without hard work. Who acts: ASS, Horse. A sentence of «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Aesop’s Fables, part 13, with its dependency tree and the pr
---

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# Three hundred Aesop’s fables, Aesop’s Fables, part 13, sentence 99

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
AN ASS congratulated a Horse on being so ungrudgingly and carefully provided for, while he himself had scarcely enough to eat and not even that without hard work.

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**Who acts:** ASS, Horse · **What happens:** congratulate, be, provide, have, eat · **To what, where:** Horse, that

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This is a sentence of «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Aesop’s Fables, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ASS, Horse), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg21:15:99
# text = AN ASS congratulated a Horse on being so ungrudgingly and carefully provided for, while he himself had scarcely enough to eat and not even that without hard work.
1	AN	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ASS	ass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	congratulated	congratulate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	cop	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	ungrudgingly	ungrudgingly	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	carefully	carefully	ADV	RB	_	9	conj	_	_
12	provided	provide	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	parataxis	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Emp|Reflex=Yes	16	nmod:unmarked	_	_
18	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
19	scarcely	scarcely	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
20	enough	enough	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	advcl	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
24	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	26	advmod	_	_
25	even	even	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
26	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	22	obl	_	_
27	without	without	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **congratulate** | past | a ASS | a Horse |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | ungrudgingly *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **provide** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn ensure-99 «NP V that S»: agent=Precondition |
| 4 | **have** | past | Horse |  |  |  |  | enough, scarcely *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **eat** | to-infinitive | Horse *not said here* | that |  |  |  | without hard work | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Project Gutenberg book 21 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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