---
title: Terrified at the sight, he lifted his eyes and his hands to heaven,… — Three hundred Aesop’s fables · tree and pragmatics
description: Terrified at the sight, he lifted his eyes and his hands to heaven, and said: “Just now I vowed to offer a lamb to the Guardian Deities of the forest if I could only find out who had robbed me; but now that I have discovered the thief, I would willingly add a full-grown Bull to the Calf I have lost,
---

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# Three hundred Aesop’s fables, Aesop’s Fables, part 1, sentence 110

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Terrified at the sight, he lifted his eyes and his hands to heaven, and said: “Just now I vowed to offer a lamb to the Guardian Deities of the forest if I could only find out who had robbed me; but now that I have discovered the thief, I would willingly add a full-grown Bull to the Calf I have lost, if I may only secure my own escape from him in safety.”

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**Who acts:** calf, I, my · **What happens:** lift, say, vow, offer, find out, rob · **To what, where:** eyes, heaven, lamb, Guardian Deities, me, thief · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Aesop’s Fables, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (calf, I, my), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg21:3:110
# text = Terrified at the sight, he lifted his eyes and his hands to heaven, and said: “Just now I vowed to offer a lamb to the Guardian Deities of the forest if I could only find out who had robbed me; but now that I have discovered the thief, I would willingly add a full-grown Bull to the Calf I have lost, if I may only secure my own escape from him in safety.”
1	Terrified	terrified	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	58	advcl	_	_
2	at	at	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sight	sight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	lifted	lift	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	heaven	heaven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
19	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	Just	just	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	23	advmod	_	_
22	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	vowed	vow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	_
24	to	to	PART	TO	_	25	mark	_	_
25	offer	offer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	xcomp	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	lamb	lamb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
28	to	to	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
30	Guardian	guardian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	Deities	deity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obl	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	_
35	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	39	mark	_	_
36	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	39	nsubj	_	_
37	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	39	aux	_	_
38	only	only	ADV	RB	_	39	advmod	_	_
39	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	advcl	_	_
40	out	out	ADP	RP	_	39	compound:prt	_	_
41	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	43	nsubj:pass	_	_
42	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	43	aux	_	_
43	robbed	rob	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	39	ccomp	_	_
44	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	43	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	51	punct	_	_
46	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	51	cc	_	_
47	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	51	advmod	_	_
48	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	51	mark	_	_
49	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	51	nsubj	_	_
50	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	51	aux	_	_
51	discovered	discover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	1	parataxis	_	_
52	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	53	det	_	_
53	thief	thief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	51	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
54	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
55	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	58	nsubj	_	_
56	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	58	aux	_	_
57	willingly	willingly	ADV	RB	_	58	advmod	_	_
58	add	add	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
59	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	63	det	_	_
60	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	62	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
61	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	60	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
62	grown	grow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	63	amod	_	_
63	Bull	bull	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	58	obj	_	_
64	to	to	ADP	IN	_	66	case	_	_
65	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	66	det	_	_
66	Calf	calf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	58	obl	_	_
67	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	69	nsubj	_	_
68	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	69	aux	_	_
69	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	66	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
70	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	75	punct	_	_
71	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	75	mark	_	_
72	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	75	nsubj	_	_
73	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	75	aux	_	_
74	only	only	ADV	RB	_	75	advmod	_	_
75	secure	secure	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	58	conj	_	_
76	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	78	nmod:poss	_	_
77	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	78	amod	_	_
78	escape	escape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	75	obj	_	_
79	from	from	ADP	IN	_	80	case	_	_
80	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	75	obl	_	_
81	in	in	ADP	IN	_	82	case	_	_
82	safety	safety	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	75	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
83	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	58	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
84	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	58	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lift** | past | calf | calf's eyes and calf's hands |  | heaven |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent eye=Theme to heaven=Destination |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **vow** *in a quote* | past | I |  |  |  | now |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **offer** *not said to happen, in a quote* | to-infinitive | I *not said here* | a lamb |  |  |  | to the Guardian Deities of the forest *goal* | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent lamb=Theme to deity=Goal |
| 5 | **find out** *a condition, not said to happen, in a quote* | could | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 6 | **rob** *in a quote* | past · perfect · passive |  | me |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **discover** *in a quote* | present · perfect | I | the thief |  |  | now |  | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thief=Topic |
| 8 | **add** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | would | I | a grown Bull |  |  |  | to the Calf; willingly *property* | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent bull=Patient to calf=Co-Patient |
| 9 | **grow** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 10 | **lose** *in a quote* | present · perfect | I | the Calf *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent calf=Eventuality |
| 11 | **secure** *a condition, not said to happen, in a quote* | may | I | my own escape |  | safety |  | from calf | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent escape=Theme from he=Source |
| 12 | **escape** *in a quote* |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom escape «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Project Gutenberg book 21 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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