---
title: A DOG, crossing a bridge over a stream with a piece of flesh in his… — Three hundred Aesop’s fables · tree and pragmatics
description: A DOG, crossing a bridge over a stream with a piece of flesh in his mouth, saw his own shadow in the water and took it for that of another Dog, with a piece of meat double his own in size. Who acts: DOG, piece. A sentence of «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Aesop’s Fables, part 1, with its d
---

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# Three hundred Aesop’s fables, Aesop’s Fables, part 1, sentence 92

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A DOG, crossing a bridge over a stream with a piece of flesh in his mouth, saw his own shadow in the water and took it for that of another Dog, with a piece of meat double his own in size.

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**Who acts:** DOG, piece · **What happens:** cross, see, take, double, shadow · **To what, where:** bridge, stream, own shadow, water, Shadow, own

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This is a sentence of «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Aesop’s Fables, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (DOG, piece), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg21:3:92
# text = A DOG, crossing a bridge over a stream with a piece of flesh in his mouth, saw his own shadow in the water and took it for that of another Dog, with a piece of meat double his own in size.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	DOG	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	crossing	cross	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	over	over	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	stream	stream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	flesh	flesh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
19	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
20	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
21	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	conj	_	_
28	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	obj	_	_
29	for	for	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	27	obl	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	33	det	_	_
33	Dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
35	with	with	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	nsubj	_	_
38	of	of	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
39	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	nmod	_	_
40	double	double	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	parataxis	_	_
41	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	42	nmod:poss	_	_
42	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	40	obj	_	_
43	in	in	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
44	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cross** | gerund | a DOG *not said here* | a bridge |  | a stream |  | with a piece of flesh in Dog's mouth | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bridge=Patient |
| 2 | **see** | past | a DOG | Dog's own shadow |  | the water |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer shadow=Stimulus |
| 3 | **take** | past | a DOG *not said here* | Shadow |  |  |  | for that | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent it=Theme for that=Beneficiary |
| 4 | **double** | present | a piece of meat | Dog's own |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent own=Patient |
| 5 | **shadow** |  | Dog |  |  |  |  |  | nom shadow «state transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Project Gutenberg book 21 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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