---
title: The rustic driver, stupefied and aghast, stood looking at the wagon,… — Three hundred Aesop’s fables · tree and pragmatics
description: The rustic driver, stupefied and aghast, stood looking at the wagon, and did nothing but utter loud cries to Hercules to come and help him. Who acts: rustic driver. A sentence of «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Aesop’s Fables, part 1, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cla
---

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# Three hundred Aesop’s fables, Aesop’s Fables, part 1, sentence 97

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The rustic driver, stupefied and aghast, stood looking at the wagon, and did nothing but utter loud cries to Hercules to come and help him.

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**Who acts:** rustic driver · **What happens:** stupefy, stand, look, do, utter, come · **To what, where:** rustic driver, nothing, loud cries, Hercules, driver

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This is a sentence of «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Aesop’s Fables, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rustic driver), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg21:3:97
# text = The rustic driver, stupefied and aghast, stood looking at the wagon, and did nothing but utter loud cries to Hercules to come and help him.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	rustic	rustic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	driver	driver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	stupefied	stupefy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	aghast	aghast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
9	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	looking	look	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	xcomp	_	_
11	at	at	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	wagon	wagon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	parataxis	_	_
17	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	16	obj	_	_
18	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	utter	utter	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
20	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	cries	cry	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	_
22	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	Hercules	Hercules	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
24	to	to	PART	TO	_	25	mark	_	_
25	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	advcl	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	conj	_	_
28	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stupefy** | participle |  | the rustic driver *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **stand** | past | the rustic driver |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **look** | gerund | the rustic driver *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at the wagon | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at wagon=Theme |
| 4 | **do** | past |  | nothing |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Eventuality |
| 5 | **utter** *speech: other* | present |  | loud cries | Hercules |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent cry=Topic to hercules=Recipient |
| 6 | **come** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 7 | **help** | infinitive |  |  | driver |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Project Gutenberg book 21 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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