---
title: One of the bystanders interrupted him, saying: “Now, my good man, if… — Three hundred Aesop’s fables · tree and pragmatics
description: One of the bystanders interrupted him, saying: “Now, my good man, if this be all true there is no need of witnesses. Who acts: One, this, need. A sentence of «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Aesop’s Fables, part 2, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Three hundred Aesop’s fables, Aesop’s Fables, part 2, sentence 108

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One of the bystanders interrupted him, saying: “Now, my good man, if this be all true there is no need of witnesses.

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**Who acts:** One, this, need · **What happens:** interrupt, say, be, need · **To what, where:** man, witnesses · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Aesop’s Fables, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (One, this, need), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg21:4:108
# text = One of the bystanders interrupted him, saying: “Now, my good man, if this be all true there is no need of witnesses.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	bystanders	bystander	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
5	interrupted	interrupt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
10	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
14	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
17	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
18	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	21	nsubj	_	_
19	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	cop	_	_
20	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	21	det	_	_
21	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	ccomp	_	_
22	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	23	expl	_	_
23	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	conj	_	_
24	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	25	det	_	_
25	need	need	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	witnesses	witness	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **interrupt** | past | One | man |  |  |  | of the bystanders | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | One *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** *a condition, not said to happen, in a quote* | infinitive | this |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** *in a quote* | present | no need of witnesses |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **need** *in a quote* |  |  | witnesses |  |  |  |  | nom need «state transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Project Gutenberg book 21 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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