--- title: But one of them who was exceedingly old (for many a field had he plo… — Three hundred Aesop’s fables · tree and pragmatics description: But one of them who was exceedingly old (for many a field had he plowed) thus spoke: “These Butchers, it is true, slaughter us, but they do so with skillful hands, and with no unnecessary pain. Who acts: one, MAN, Butchers. A sentence of «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Aesop’s Fables, part --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg21/5/40/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Three hundred Aesop’s fables](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg21/) / [Aesop’s Fables, part 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg21/5/) / 40 # Three hundred Aesop’s fables, Aesop’s Fables, part 3, sentence 40 But one of them who was exceedingly old (for many a field had he plowed) thus spoke: “These Butchers, it is true, slaughter us, but they do so with skillful hands, and with no unnecessary pain. **Who acts:** one, MAN, Butchers · **What happens:** be, have, plow, speak, slaughter, do · **To what, where:** us · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Aesop’s Fables, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one, MAN, Butchers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg21:5:40 # text = But one of them who was exceedingly old (for many a field had he plowed) thus spoke: “These Butchers, it is true, slaughter us, but they do so with skillful hands, and with no unnecessary pain. 1 But but CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 2 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 8 nsubj _ _ 3 of of ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nmod _ _ 5 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 8 nsubj _ _ 6 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 cop _ _ 7 exceedingly exceedingly ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _ 8 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 advcl _ _ 9 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 14 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 10 for for ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 11 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 12 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 field field NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obl _ _ 14 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 parataxis _ _ 15 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ _ 16 plowed plow VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 14 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No 17 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 14 punct _ _ 18 thus thus ADV RB _ 19 advmod _ _ 19 spoke speak VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 20 : : PUNCT : _ 27 punct _ _ 21 “ " PUNCT `` _ 27 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 22 These this DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 23 det _ _ 23 Butchers butcher NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 24 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 25 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nsubj _ _ 26 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 27 cop _ _ 27 true true ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 28 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 29 slaughter slaughter VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 27 parataxis _ _ 30 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 29 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 31 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 32 but but CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 33 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 nsubj _ _ 34 do do VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 29 conj _ _ 35 so so ADV RB _ 34 advmod _ _ 36 with with ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 37 skillful skillful ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 38 amod _ _ 38 hands hand NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 39 , , PUNCT , _ 44 punct _ _ 40 and and CCONJ CC _ 44 cc _ _ 41 with with ADP IN _ 44 case _ _ 42 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 44 det _ _ 43 unnecessary unnecessary ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 44 amod _ _ 44 pain pain NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 45 . . PUNCT . _ 19 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | past | one of Oxen | | | | | exceedingly, old *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **have** | past | | | | | | for a many field | tree rules | | 3 | **plow** | participle | MAN | | | | | | vn wipe\_instr-10.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | | | | | | with no unnecessary pain; thus *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **is** *in a quote* | present | this Butchers | | | | | true *property* | tree rules | | 6 | **slaughter** *in a quote* | infinitive | | us | | | | | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Patient | | 7 | **do** *in a quote* | present | Butchers *= butcher* | | | | | with skillful hands | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Project Gutenberg book 21 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 39](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg21/5/39/) - next →: [sentence 41](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg21/5/41/) - ↑ back to [Aesop’s Fables, part 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg21/5/)