---
title: THE PIGEONS, terrified by the appearance of a Kite, called upon the… — Three hundred Aesop’s fables · tree and pragmatics
description: THE PIGEONS, terrified by the appearance of a Kite, called upon the Hawk to defend them. A sentence of «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Aesop’s Fables, part 4, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Three hundred Aesop’s fables, Aesop’s Fables, part 4, sentence 59

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THE PIGEONS, terrified by the appearance of a Kite, called upon the Hawk to defend them.

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**What happens:** call, defend · **To what, where:** Pigeons · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Aesop’s Fables, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg21:6:59
# text = THE PIGEONS, terrified by the appearance of a Kite, called upon the Hawk to defend them.
1	THE	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	PIGEONS	pigeon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	terrified	terrified	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	appearance	appearance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Kite	kite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
13	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	Hawk	Hawk	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	defend	defend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	advcl	_	_
18	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | upon the Hawk | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **defend** | to-infinitive |  | Pigeons *= pigeon* |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Project Gutenberg book 21 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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