--- title: The Wolf, having shown himself an apt pupil, said to the Shepherd, “… — Three hundred Aesop’s fables · tree and pragmatics description: The Wolf, having shown himself an apt pupil, said to the Shepherd, “Since you have taught me to steal, you must keep a sharp lookout, or you will lose some of your own flock.” Who acts: Wolf, Shepherd. A sentence of «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Aesop’s Fables, part 4, with its dependency --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg21/6/77/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Three hundred Aesop’s fables](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg21/) / [Aesop’s Fables, part 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg21/6/) / 77 # Three hundred Aesop’s fables, Aesop’s Fables, part 4, sentence 77 The Wolf, having shown himself an apt pupil, said to the Shepherd, “Since you have taught me to steal, you must keep a sharp lookout, or you will lose some of your own flock.” **Who acts:** Wolf, Shepherd · **What happens:** show, say, teach, steal, keep, lose · **To what, where:** Wolf, Shepherd, sharp lookout, some · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Aesop’s Fables, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Wolf, Shepherd), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg21:6:77 # text = The Wolf, having shown himself an apt pupil, said to the Shepherd, “Since you have taught me to steal, you must keep a sharp lookout, or you will lose some of your own flock.” 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 Wolf Wolf PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 3 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 4 having have AUX VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 5 aux _ _ 5 shown show VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 acl _ _ 6 himself himself PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 5 obj _ _ 7 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 8 apt apt ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 pupil pupil NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 10 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 11 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 12 to to ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 Shepherd shepherd NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 15 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 16 “ " PUNCT `` _ 27 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 17 Since since SCONJ IN _ 20 mark _ _ 18 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj:pass _ _ 19 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 aux _ _ 20 taught teach VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 27 advcl _ _ 21 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 20 iobj _ _ 22 to to PART TO _ 23 mark _ _ 23 steal steal VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 20 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 24 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 25 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 27 nsubj _ _ 26 must must AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 27 aux _ _ 27 keep keep VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 11 conj _ _ 28 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 29 sharp sharp ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 amod _ _ 30 lookout lookout NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 31 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 32 or or CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 33 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 35 nsubj _ _ 34 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 35 aux _ _ 35 lose lose VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 11 parataxis _ _ 36 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 35 obj _ _ 37 of of ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 38 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 40 nmod:poss _ _ 39 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 40 amod _ _ 40 flock flock NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 41 . . PUNCT . _ 35 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 42 ” " PUNCT '' _ 35 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **show** | gerund · perfect | the Wolf *not said here* | Wolf | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent himself=Recipient pupil=Topic | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the Wolf | | the Shepherd | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to shepherd=Recipient clause=Topic | | 3 | **teach** *speech: other* *in a quote* | present · perfect · passive | | the Shepherd *= shepherd* | the Wolf *= wolf* | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient i=Topic | | 4 | **steal** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | | | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **keep** *in a quote* | must | the Shepherd *= shepherd* | a sharp lookout | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lookout=Theme | | 6 | **lose** *in a quote* | future | the Shepherd *= shepherd* | some | | | | | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent some=Eventuality | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Project Gutenberg book 21 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 76](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg21/6/76/) - next →: [sentence 78](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg21/6/78/) - ↑ back to [Aesop’s Fables, part 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg21/6/)