---
title: The Stag, congratulating himself on his safety, began to express his… — Three hundred Aesop’s fables · tree and pragmatics
description: The Stag, congratulating himself on his safety, began to express his sincere thanks to the Oxen who had kindly helped him in the hour of need. Who acts: Stag, Oxen. A sentence of «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Aesop’s Fables, part 5, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cla
---

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# Three hundred Aesop’s fables, Aesop’s Fables, part 5, sentence 43

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The Stag, congratulating himself on his safety, began to express his sincere thanks to the Oxen who had kindly helped him in the hour of need.

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**Who acts:** Stag, Oxen · **What happens:** congratulate, begin, express, help · **To what, where:** Stag, safety, sincere thanks, Oxen

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This is a sentence of «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Aesop’s Fables, part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Stag, Oxen), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg21:7:43
# text = The Stag, congratulating himself on his safety, began to express his sincere thanks to the Oxen who had kindly helped him in the hour of need.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Stag	Stag	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	congratulating	congratulate	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	4	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	safety	safety	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
10	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	express	express	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
14	sincere	sincere	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	thanks	thanks	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	Oxen	ox	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	_
19	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	22	nsubj	_	_
20	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
21	kindly	kindly	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
22	helped	help	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	18	acl:relcl	_	_
23	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obj	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	need	need	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **congratulate** | gerund | the Stag *not said here* | Stag |  | Stag's safety |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Theme |
| 2 | **begin** | past | the Stag |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **express** | to-infinitive | the Stag *not said here* | Stag's sincere thanks | the Oxen |  |  |  | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent thanks=Theme to ox=Recipient |
| 4 | **help** | past · perfect | the Oxen |  | Stag |  | hour | kindly *property* | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Beneficiary |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Project Gutenberg book 21 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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