---
title: Upon which a Currier stood up and said, “Sirs, I differ from you alt… — Three hundred Aesop’s fables · tree and pragmatics
description: Upon which a Currier stood up and said, “Sirs, I differ from you altogether: there is no material for resistance equal to a covering of hides; and nothing so good as leather.” Who acts: Currier, master, material. A sentence of «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Aesop’s Fables, part 6, with its
---

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# Three hundred Aesop’s fables, Aesop’s Fables, part 6, sentence 17

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Upon which a Currier stood up and said, “Sirs, I differ from you altogether: there is no material for resistance equal to a covering of hides; and nothing so good as leather.”

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**Who acts:** Currier, master, material · **What happens:** stand up, say, differ, be · **To what, where:** Sirs · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Aesop’s Fables, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Currier, master, material), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg21:8:17
# text = Upon which a Currier stood up and said, “Sirs, I differ from you altogether: there is no material for resistance equal to a covering of hides; and nothing so good as leather.”
1	Upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	obl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Currier	Currier	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	Sirs	sir	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	differ	differ	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
15	from	from	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	14	obl	_	_
17	altogether	altogether	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
19	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	20	expl	_	_
20	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	parataxis	_	_
21	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	22	det	_	_
22	material	material	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
23	for	for	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	resistance	resistance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
25	equal	equal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
26	to	to	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	covering	covering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	hides	hide	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	33	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	5	parataxis	_	_
34	so	so	ADV	RB	_	35	advmod	_	_
35	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
36	as	as	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	leather	leather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	33	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	33	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand up** | past | a Currier |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | a Currier *not said here* | Sirs |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent sir=Topic |
| 3 | **differ** *in a quote* | present | the master *= master* |  |  |  |  | from you; altogether *property* | vn differ-23.4 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme from you=Co-Theme |
| 4 | **be** *in a quote* | present | no material for resistance |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Project Gutenberg book 21 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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