---
title: According to the former supposition, "these very stories, these _Mae… — Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Musc… · tree and pragmatics
description: According to the former supposition, "these very stories, these _Maehrchen_, which nurses still tell, with almost the same words, in the Thuringian forest and in the Norwegian villages, and to which crowds of children listen under the pippal trees of India,"[12] belong "to the common heirloom of the
---

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# Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore, Chapter I. INTRODUCTORY, part 1, sentence 13

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According to the former supposition, "these very stories, these \_Maehrchen\_, which nurses still tell, with almost the same words, in the Thuringian forest and in the Norwegian villages, and to which crowds of children listen under the pippal trees of India,"\[12\] belong "to the common heirloom of the Indo-European race;" according to the latter, the majority of European popular tales are merely naturalized aliens in Europe, being as little the inheritance of its present inhabitants as were the stories and fables which, by a circuitous route, were transmitted from India to Boccaccio or La Fontaine.

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**Who acts:** nurses, crowds, 12, circuitous route · **What happens:** accord, tell, listen, belong, naturalize, be · **To what, where:** Maehrchen, Thuringian forest, stories, Europe, little inheritance, Boccaccio · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Chapter I. INTRODUCTORY, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (nurses, crowds, 12, circuitous route), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg22373:11:13
# text = According to the former supposition, "these very stories, these _Maehrchen_, which nurses still tell, with almost the same words, in the Thuringian forest and in the Norwegian villages, and to which crowds of children listen under the pippal trees of India,"[12] belong "to the common heirloom of the Indo-European race;" according to the latter, the majority of European popular tales are merely naturalized aliens in Europe, being as little the inheritance of its present inhabitants as were the stories and fables which, by a circuitous route, were transmitted from India to Boccaccio or La Fontaine.
1	According	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	case	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	1	fixed	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	former	former	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	supposition	supposition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	83	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	10	det	_	_
9	very	very	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	83	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	14	det	_	_
13	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	Maehrchen	Maehrchen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	obj	_	_
18	nurses	nurse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj	_	_
19	still	still	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	tell	tell	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
22	with	with	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
23	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
30	Thuringian	thuringian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
33	in	in	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
35	Norwegian	Norwegian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
36	villages	village	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
38	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	44	cc	_	_
39	to	to	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
40	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	41	det	_	_
41	crowds	crowd	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	44	nsubj	_	_
42	of	of	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
43	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	nmod	_	_
44	listen	listen	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	parataxis	_	_
45	under	under	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
46	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	48	det	_	_
47	pippal	pippal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	48	amod	_	_
48	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	44	obl	_	_
49	of	of	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
50	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	48	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	56	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	56	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	56	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
54	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	56	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
55	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	54	punct	_	_
56	belong	belong	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	44	conj	_	_
57	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	56	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
58	to	to	ADP	IN	_	61	case	_	_
59	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	61	det	_	_
60	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	61	amod	_	_
61	heirloom	heirloom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	56	obl	_	_
62	of	of	ADP	IN	_	67	case	_	_
63	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	67	det	_	_
64	Indo	Indo	X	AFX	_	66	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
65	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	64	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
66	European	European	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	67	amod	_	_
67	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	61	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
68	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	73	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
69	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	70	punct	_	_
70	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	73	csubj	_	_
71	to	to	ADP	IN	_	70	fixed	_	_
72	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	73	det	_	_
73	latter	latter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
74	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	76	punct	_	_
75	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	76	det	_	_
76	majority	majority	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	73	obl	_	_
77	of	of	ADP	IN	_	80	case	_	_
78	European	European	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	80	amod	_	_
79	popular	popular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	80	amod	_	_
80	tales	tale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	76	nmod	_	_
81	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	83	aux:pass	_	_
82	merely	merely	ADV	RB	_	83	advmod	_	_
83	naturalized	naturalize	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
84	aliens	alien	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	83	obj	_	_
85	in	in	ADP	IN	_	86	case	_	_
86	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	83	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
87	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	92	punct	_	_
88	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	92	cop	_	_
89	as	as	ADP	IN	_	90	case	_	_
90	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	92	amod	_	_
91	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	92	det	_	_
92	inheritance	inheritance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	83	obl	_	_
93	of	of	ADP	IN	_	96	case	_	_
94	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	96	nmod:poss	_	_
95	present	present	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	96	amod	_	_
96	inhabitants	inhabitant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	92	nmod	_	_
97	as	as	ADP	IN	_	100	case	_	_
98	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	100	cop	_	_
99	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	100	det	_	_
100	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	96	nmod	_	_
101	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	102	cc	_	_
102	fables	fable	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	100	conj	_	_
103	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	111	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
104	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	103	punct	_	_
105	by	by	ADP	IN	_	108	case	_	_
106	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	108	det	_	_
107	circuitous	circuitous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	108	amod	_	_
108	route	route	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	111	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
109	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	108	punct	_	_
110	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	111	aux:pass	_	_
111	transmitted	transmit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	100	acl	_	_
112	from	from	ADP	IN	_	113	case	_	_
113	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	111	obl	_	_
114	to	to	ADP	IN	_	115	case	_	_
115	Boccaccio	Boccaccio	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	111	obl	_	_
116	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	117	cc	_	_
117	La	La	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	115	conj	_	_
118	Fontaine	Fontaine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	117	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
119	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	83	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | present | nurses | this Maehrchen |  | the Thuringian forest and the Norwegian villages | still | with the same words | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent which=Recipient |
| 3 | **listen** *in a quote* | present | which crowds of children |  |  |  |  | under the pippal trees of India | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent under tree=Theme |
| 4 | **belong** | present | 12 |  |  |  |  | to the common heirloom of the European race | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **naturalize** | present · passive |  | this stories  this Maehrchen |  | Europe |  | accord the former supposition; merely *property* | tree rules |
| 7 | **is a** | gerund |  | the little inheritance |  |  |  | of inheritance's present inhabitants | tree rules |
| 8 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | as the stories and fables | tree rules |
| 9 | **transmit** | past · passive | a circuitous route | the stories and fables | Boccaccio or La | India |  |  | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Agent which=Theme from india=Initial\_Location to boccaccio=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Project Gutenberg book 22373 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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