---
title: Each country possesses certain stories which have special reference… — Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Musc… · tree and pragmatics
description: Each country possesses certain stories which have special reference to its own manners and customs, and by collecting such tales as these, something approximating to a picture of its national life may be laboriously pieced together. Who acts: country, certain stories. A sentence of «Russian Fairy Ta
---

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# Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore, Chapter I. INTRODUCTORY, part 1, sentence 18

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Each country possesses certain stories which have special reference to its own manners and customs, and by collecting such tales as these, something approximating to a picture of its national life may be laboriously pieced together.

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**Who acts:** country, certain stories · **What happens:** possess, have, collect, approximate, piece together · **To what, where:** certain stories, special reference, such tales, something

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This is a sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Chapter I. INTRODUCTORY, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (country, certain stories), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg22373:11:18
# text = Each country possesses certain stories which have special reference to its own manners and customs, and by collecting such tales as these, something approximating to a picture of its national life may be laboriously pieced together.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	possesses	possess	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	reference	reference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
12	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	manners	manners	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	7	obl	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	customs	custom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
19	collecting	collect	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
20	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	tales	tale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	_
22	as	as	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	these	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
25	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	37	nsubj:pass	_	_
26	approximating	approximate	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	25	acl	_	_
27	to	to	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
31	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	33	nmod:poss	_	_
32	national	national	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	_
34	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	37	aux	_	_
35	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	37	aux:pass	_	_
36	laboriously	laboriously	ADV	RB	_	37	advmod	_	_
37	pieced	piece	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	ccomp	_	_
38	together	together	ADV	RB	_	37	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **possess** | present | each country | certain stories |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot story=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | present | certain stories | special reference |  |  |  | to country's own manners and customs | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reference=Patient |
| 3 | **collect** | gerund | each country *not said here* | such tales |  |  |  | as these | tree rules |
| 4 | **approximate** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | to a picture of country's national life | vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V whether/if S»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **piece together** | may · passive |  | something |  |  |  | laboriously, together *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Project Gutenberg book 22373 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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