---
title: We hear the songs and laughter of the girls beside the stream or poo… — Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Musc… · tree and pragmatics
description: We hear the songs and laughter of the girls beside the stream or pool which ripples pleasantly against its banks in the summer time, but in the winter shows no sign of life, except at the spot, much frequented by the wives and daughters of the village, where an "ice-hole" has been cut in its massive
---

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# Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore, Chapter I. INTRODUCTORY, part 1, sentence 47

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We hear the songs and laughter of the girls beside the stream or pool which ripples pleasantly against its banks in the summer time, but in the winter shows no sign of life, except at the spot, much frequented by the wives and daughters of the village, where an "ice-hole" has been cut in its massive pall.

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**Who acts:** We, pool, hole · **What happens:** hear, ripple, show, frequent, cut, sign · **To what, where:** songs, banks, sign, ice hole, massive pall, life

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This is a sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Chapter I. INTRODUCTORY, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (We, pool, hole), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg22373:11:47
# text = We hear the songs and laughter of the girls beside the stream or pool which ripples pleasantly against its banks in the summer time, but in the winter shows no sign of life, except at the spot, much frequented by the wives and daughters of the village, where an "ice-hole" has been cut in its massive pall.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hear	hear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	songs	song	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	laughter	laughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	girls	girl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
10	beside	beside	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	stream	stream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	pool	pool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
15	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
16	ripples	ripple	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	_
17	pleasantly	pleasantly	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
18	against	against	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	banks	bank	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
26	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	_
30	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
31	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	32	det	_	_
32	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obj	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
36	except	except	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
37	at	at	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	spot	spot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
41	much	much	ADV	RB	_	42	advmod	_	_
42	frequented	frequent	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	39	conj	_	_
43	by	by	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	wives	wife	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	obl	_	_
46	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	47	cc	_	_
47	daughters	daughter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	45	conj	_	_
48	of	of	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
49	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	50	det	_	_
50	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	61	punct	_	_
52	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	61	advmod	_	_
53	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	57	det	_	_
54	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	57	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
55	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	57	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	55	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
57	hole	hole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	61	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
58	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	57	punct	_	_
59	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	61	aux	_	_
60	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	61	aux:pass	_	_
61	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	50	acl:relcl	_	_
62	in	in	ADP	IN	_	65	case	_	_
63	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	65	nmod:poss	_	_
64	massive	massive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	65	amod	_	_
65	pall	pall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	61	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
66	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | present | We | the songs and laughter of the girls beside the stream or pool |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer song=Stimulus |
| 2 | **ripple** | present | pool |  |  | pool's banks | time | pleasantly *property* | vn entity\_specific\_modes\_being-47.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme against bank=Location |
| 3 | **show** | present |  | no sign of life |  |  | winter | except the spot | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent sign=Recipient |
| 4 | **frequent** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by the wives and daughters of the village | tree rules |
| 5 | **cut** | present · perfect · passive |  | a ice hole |  | hole's massive pall |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 6 | **sign** |  |  | life |  |  |  |  | nom sign «communication transitive»: of=patient |
| 7 | **pall** |  | hole |  |  |  |  |  | nom pall «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Project Gutenberg book 22373 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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