---
title: And so a Russian who knows the stories of his own land, but has not… — Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Musc… · tree and pragmatics
description: And so a Russian who knows the stories of his own land, but has not studied those of other countries, is very liable to credit the Skazkas with the undivided possession of a number of "merry jests" in which they can claim but a very small share--jests which in reality form the stock-in-trade of rust
---

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# Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore, Chapter I. INTRODUCTORY, part 5, sentence 7

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And so a Russian who knows the stories of his own land, but has not studied those of other countries, is very liable to credit the Skazkas with the undivided possession of a number of "merry jests" in which they can claim but a very small share--jests which in reality form the stock-in-trade of rustic wags among the vineyards of France or Germany, or on the hills of Greece, or beside the fiords of Norway, or along the coasts of Brittany or Argyleshire--which for centuries have set beards wagging in Cairo and Ispahan, and in the cool of the evening hour have cheered the heart of the villager weary with his day's toil under the burning sun of India.

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**Who acts:** stories, small share, beards, day · **What happens:** know, not study, be, claim, form, set · **To what, where:** stories, those, merry jests, trade, reality, coasts

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Chapter I. INTRODUCTORY, part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stories, small share, beards, day), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg22373:15:7
# text = And so a Russian who knows the stories of his own land, but has not studied those of other countries, is very liable to credit the Skazkas with the undivided possession of a number of "merry jests" in which they can claim but a very small share--jests which in reality form the stock-in-trade of rustic wags among the vineyards of France or Germany, or on the hills of Greece, or beside the fiords of Norway, or along the coasts of Brittany or Argyleshire--which for centuries have set beards wagging in Cairo and Ispahan, and in the cool of the evening hour have cheered the heart of the villager weary with his day's toil under the burning sun of India.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	so	so	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Russian	Russian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	knows	know	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
11	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
16	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
17	studied	study	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	conj	_	_
18	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	17	obj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
24	very	very	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
25	liable	liable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	_
26	to	to	PART	TO	_	27	mark	_	_
27	credit	credit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	ccomp	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	Skazkas	Skazkas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	appos	_	_
30	with	with	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
32	undivided	undivided	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	possession	possession	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
34	of	of	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nmod	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
38	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	40	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	merry	merry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	40	amod	_	_
40	jests	jest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	40	punct	_	_
42	in	in	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
43	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	46	obl	_	_
44	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	46	nsubj	_	_
45	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	46	aux	_	_
46	claim	claim	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	40	parataxis	_	_
47	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	51	cc	_	_
48	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	51	det	_	_
49	very	very	ADV	RB	_	50	advmod	_	_
50	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	51	amod	_	_
51	share	share	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	53	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	jests	jest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	51	conj	_	_
54	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	57	nsubj	_	_
55	in	in	ADP	IN	_	56	case	_	_
56	reality	reality	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	57	obl	_	_
57	form	form	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	51	parataxis	_	_
58	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	63	det	_	_
59	stock	stock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	63	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
60	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	63	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
61	in	in	ADP	IN	_	63	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
62	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	61	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
63	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	57	obj	_	_
64	of	of	ADP	IN	_	66	case	_	_
65	rustic	rustic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	66	amod	_	_
66	wags	wag	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	63	nmod	_	_
67	among	among	ADP	IN	_	69	case	_	_
68	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	69	det	_	_
69	vineyards	vineyard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	66	nmod	_	_
70	of	of	ADP	IN	_	71	case	_	_
71	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	69	nmod	_	_
72	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	73	cc	_	_
73	Germany	Germany	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	71	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
74	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	78	punct	_	_
75	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	78	cc	_	_
76	on	on	ADP	IN	_	78	case	_	_
77	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	78	det	_	_
78	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	71	conj	_	_
79	of	of	ADP	IN	_	80	case	_	_
80	Greece	Greece	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	78	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
81	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	85	punct	_	_
82	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	85	cc	_	_
83	beside	beside	ADP	IN	_	85	case	_	_
84	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	85	det	_	_
85	fiords	fiord	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	71	conj	_	_
86	of	of	ADP	IN	_	87	case	_	_
87	Norway	Norway	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	85	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
88	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	92	punct	_	_
89	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	92	cc	_	_
90	along	along	ADP	IN	_	92	case	_	_
91	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	92	det	_	_
92	coasts	coast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	85	conj	_	_
93	of	of	ADP	IN	_	94	case	_	_
94	Brittany	Brittany	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	92	nmod	_	_
95	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	96	cc	_	_
96	Argyleshire	Argyleshire	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	94	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
97	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	102	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
98	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	102	nsubj:pass	_	_
99	for	for	ADP	IN	_	100	case	_	_
100	centuries	century	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	102	obl	_	_
101	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	102	aux	_	_
102	set	set	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	92	acl:relcl	_	_
103	beards	beard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	102	obj	_	_
104	wagging	wag	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	103	acl	_	_
105	in	in	ADP	IN	_	106	case	_	_
106	Cairo	Cairo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	104	obl	_	_
107	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	108	cc	_	_
108	Ispahan	Ispahan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	106	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
109	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	119	punct	_	_
110	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	119	cc	_	_
111	in	in	ADP	IN	_	113	case	_	_
112	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	113	det	_	_
113	cool	cool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	119	obl	_	_
114	of	of	ADP	IN	_	117	case	_	_
115	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	117	det	_	_
116	evening	evening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	117	compound	_	_
117	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	113	nmod	_	_
118	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	119	aux	_	_
119	cheered	cheer	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	57	advcl	_	_
120	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	121	det	_	_
121	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	119	obj	_	_
122	of	of	ADP	IN	_	124	case	_	_
123	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	124	det	_	_
124	villager	villager	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	121	nmod	_	_
125	weary	weary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	121	amod	_	_
126	with	with	ADP	IN	_	130	case	_	_
127	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	128	nmod:poss	_	_
128	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	130	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
129	's	's	PART	POS	_	128	case	_	_
130	toil	toil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	125	obl	_	_
131	under	under	ADP	IN	_	134	case	_	_
132	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	134	det	_	_
133	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	134	amod	_	_
134	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	130	nmod	_	_
135	of	of	ADP	IN	_	136	case	_	_
136	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	134	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
137	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | present |  | the stories of assertion's own land |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer story=Stimulus |
| 2 | **not** **study** | present · perfect |  | those |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Topic |
| 3 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | liable *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **claim** *speech: other* | can | stories *= story* |  |  | merry jests |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **form** | present | a small share and jests | the trade of rustic wags among the vineyards of France or Germany or the hills of Greece or the fiords of Norway or the coasts of Brittany |  | reality |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location trade=Theme |
| 6 | **set** | present · perfect · passive |  | the coasts of Brittany or Argyleshire |  |  | century |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP ADVP»: subject=Theme beard=Destination |
| 7 | **wag** | gerund | beards *not said here* |  |  |  |  | in Cairo and Ispahan | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent in cairo=Topic |
| 8 | **cheer** | present · perfect | a small share and jests *not said here* | the heart of the villager |  | the cool of the evening hour |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus heart=Experiencer |
| 9 | **burn** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 10 | **possess** |  |  | a number of merry jests |  |  |  |  | nom possession «act transitive»: of=patient |
| 11 | **trade** |  |  | rustic wags among the vineyards of France or Germany or the hills of Greece or the fiords of Norway or the coasts of Brittany or Argyleshire |  |  |  |  | nom trade «act transitive»: of=patient |
| 12 | **toil** |  | assertion's day |  |  | the burning sun of India |  |  | nom toil «act intransitive»: poss=agent under=place |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Project Gutenberg book 22373 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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