---
title: There once was a rich merchant named Marko--a stingier fellow never… — Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Musc… · tree and pragmatics
description: There once was a rich merchant named Marko--a stingier fellow never lived! Who acts: stingier fellow. A sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Chapter I. INTRODUCTORY, part 6, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore, Chapter I. INTRODUCTORY, part 6, sentence 69

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There once was a rich merchant named Marko--a stingier fellow never lived!

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**Who acts:** stingier fellow · **What happens:** name, not live · **To what, where:** rich merchant

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This is a sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Chapter I. INTRODUCTORY, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stingier fellow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg22373:16:69
# text = There once was a rich merchant named Marko--a stingier fellow never lived!
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	7	expl	_	_
2	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	7	advmod	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	rich	rich	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	merchant	merchant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	named	name	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	Marko	Marko	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	stingier	stingy	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	12	amod	_	_
12	fellow	fellow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
13	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
14	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **name** | past · passive |  | a rich merchant |  | there |  | once *property* | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **live** | past | a stingier fellow *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Project Gutenberg book 22373 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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