---
title: For gnats and flies began to swarm, biting folks and letting their w… — Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Musc… · tree and pragmatics
description: For gnats and flies began to swarm, biting folks and letting their warm blood flow. Who acts: gnats. A sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Chapter I. INTRODUCTORY, part 7, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore, Chapter I. INTRODUCTORY, part 7, sentence 44

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For gnats and flies began to swarm, biting folks and letting their warm blood flow.

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**Who acts:** gnats · **What happens:** begin, swarm, bite, let, flow · **To what, where:** folks, warm blood flow

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This is a sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Chapter I. INTRODUCTORY, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (gnats), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg22373:17:44
# text = For gnats and flies began to swarm, biting folks and letting their warm blood flow.
1	For	for	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	gnats	gnat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	flies	fly	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	swarm	swarm	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	biting	bite	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
10	folks	folk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	letting	let	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	conj	_	_
13	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
14	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
15	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	flow	flow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | gnats and flies |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **swarm** | to-infinitive | gnats and flies *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn swarm-47.5.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **bite** | gerund | gnats and flies *not said here* | folks |  |  |  |  | vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent folk=Patient |
| 4 | **let** | gerund | gnats and flies *not said here* | gnats's warm blood flow |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flow=Theme |
| 5 | **flow** |  | gnats *= gnat* |  |  |  |  |  | nom flow «event intransitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Project Gutenberg book 22373 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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