---
title: I have generally rendered by "demon," instead of "devil," the word _… — Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Musc… · tree and pragmatics
description: I have generally rendered by "demon," instead of "devil," the word _chort_ when it occurs in stories of this class, as the spirits to which they refer are manifestly akin to those of oriental demonology. Who acts: I, devil, spirits. A sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovit
---

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# Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore, Chapter I. INTRODUCTORY, part 8, sentence 65

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I have generally rendered by "demon," instead of "devil," the word \_chort\_ when it occurs in stories of this class, as the spirits to which they refer are manifestly akin to those of oriental demonology.

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**Who acts:** I, devil, spirits · **What happens:** render, occur, refer, be · **To what, where:** stories

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This is a sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Chapter I. INTRODUCTORY, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, devil, spirits), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg22373:18:65
# text = I have generally rendered by "demon," instead of "devil," the word _chort_ when it occurs in stories of this class, as the spirits to which they refer are manifestly akin to those of oriental demonology.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	generally	generally	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	rendered	render	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	demon	demon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
10	instead	instead	ADV	RB	ExtPos=ADP	13	case	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	devil	devil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
18	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	chort	chort	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	4	punct	_	_
21	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	23	advmod	_	_
22	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	occurs	occur	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	28	det	_	_
28	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
30	as	as	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	spirits	spirit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	nsubj	_	_
33	to	to	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	36	obl	_	_
35	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	36	nsubj	_	_
36	refer	refer	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	acl:relcl	_	_
37	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	39	cop	_	_
38	manifestly	manifestly	ADV	RB	_	39	advmod	_	_
39	akin	akin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	parataxis	_	_
40	to	to	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
41	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	39	obl	_	_
42	of	of	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
43	oriental	oriental	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	44	amod	_	_
44	demonology	demonology	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **render** | present · perfect | I |  |  |  |  | by demon; instead devil and the word and chort; generally *property* | vn give-13.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **occur** | present | devil |  |  | stories of this class |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in story=Location |
| 3 | **refer** | present | spirits *= spirit* |  |  |  |  | to the spirits | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to which=Co-Theme |
| 4 | **is** | present | the spirits |  |  |  |  | to those; akin, manifestly *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Project Gutenberg book 22373 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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