---
title: To these European tales a very interesting parallel is afforded by t… — Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Musc… · tree and pragmatics
description: To these European tales a very interesting parallel is afforded by the Indian story of "Punchkin,"[134] whose life depends on that of a parrot, which is in a cage placed beneath the lowest of six jars of water, piled one on the other, and standing in the midst of a desolate country covered with thic
---

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# Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore, Chapter II. MYTHOLOGICAL, part 7, sentence 32

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To these European tales a very interesting parallel is afforded by the Indian story of "Punchkin,"\[134\] whose life depends on that of a parrot, which is in a cage placed beneath the lowest of six jars of water, piled one on the other, and standing in the midst of a desolate country covered with thick jungle.

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**Who acts:** Indian story, life, parrot · **What happens:** afford, depend, be, place, pile, stand · **To what, where:** interesting parallel, 134, cage, lowest, one, other

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This is a sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Chapter II. MYTHOLOGICAL, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Indian story, life, parrot), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg22373:25:32
# text = To these European tales a very interesting parallel is afforded by the Indian story of "Punchkin,"[134] whose life depends on that of a parrot, which is in a cage placed beneath the lowest of six jars of water, piled one on the other, and standing in the midst of a desolate country covered with thick jungle.
1	To	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
3	European	European	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	tales	tale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	interesting	interesting	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	parallel	parallel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	afforded	afford	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	Punchkin	Punchkin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	134	134	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	21	punct	_	_
23	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
25	depends	depend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
26	on	on	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	25	obl	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	parrot	parrot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
32	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	36	nsubj	_	_
33	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	36	cop	_	_
34	in	in	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	cage	cage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	appos	_	_
37	placed	place	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	36	acl	_	_
38	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	lowest	low	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	37	obl	_	_
41	of	of	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
42	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	43	nummod	_	_
43	jars	jar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	40	obl	_	_
44	of	of	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
45	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	47	punct	_	_
47	piled	pile	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	parataxis	_	_
48	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	47	obj	_	_
49	on	on	ADP	IN	_	51	case	_	_
50	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	51	det	_	_
51	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	48	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	54	punct	_	_
53	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	54	cc	_	_
54	standing	stand	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
55	in	in	ADP	IN	_	57	case	_	_
56	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	57	det	_	_
57	midst	midst	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	54	obl	_	_
58	of	of	ADP	IN	_	61	case	_	_
59	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	61	det	_	_
60	desolate	desolate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	61	compound	_	_
61	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	57	nmod	_	_
62	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	61	acl	_	_
63	with	with	ADP	IN	_	65	case	_	_
64	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	65	amod	_	_
65	jungle	jungle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	62	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
66	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **afford** | present · passive | the Indian story of Punchkin | a interesting parallel |  |  |  | to this European tales | tree rules |
| 2 | **depend** | present | life | 134 |  |  |  | on that | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent on that=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | present | a parrot |  |  | a cage |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **place** | participle |  | a cage *not said here* |  | the lowest |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent beneath low=Destination |
| 5 | **pile** | past |  | one |  | the other |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent one=Theme on other=Destination |
| 6 | **stand** | gerund | the Indian story of Punchkin *not said here* |  |  | the midst of a desolate country |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in midst=Location |
| 7 | **desolate** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 8 | **cover** | participle |  | a desolate country *not said here* |  |  |  | with thick jungle | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with jungle=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Project Gutenberg book 22373 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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