---
title: "Hail, friend! why have you been so long in coming to me? — Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Musc… · tree and pragmatics
description: "Hail, friend! why have you been so long in coming to me? Who acts: Hail. A sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Chapter II. MYTHOLOGICAL, part 9, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore, Chapter II. MYTHOLOGICAL, part 9, sentence 31

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"Hail, friend! why have you been so long in coming to me?

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**Who acts:** Hail · **What happens:** be, come · **To what, where:** eleven

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This is a sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Chapter II. MYTHOLOGICAL, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hail), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg22373:27:31
# text = "Hail, friend! why have you been so long in coming to me?
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Hail	hail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
6	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	advmod	_	_
7	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
9	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	11	cop	_	_
10	so	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
12	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
13	coming	come	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present · perfect | Hail and friend |  |  |  |  | long *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **come** *in a quote* | gerund | Hail and friend *not said here* |  | eleven |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to i=Initial\_Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Project Gutenberg book 22373 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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